剑桥青少英语八种基本时态总结
2012年10月18日 02:54 供稿单位:互联网 责编:杭州管理员 浏览0 次
杭州新航道学校总结了剑桥青少英语八种基本时态,希望能在剑桥青少考生们对我们的考生有所帮助。
Ⅰ、 一般现在时
1、概念:
1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.(提问用How often)
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
3) 格言或警句。例:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时。
2、结构:表状态 S+ am/is/are+ P (句中有实义动词不用be)
表动作 S+V原+O (若主语是单三人称,谓动加s/es。)
3、句式变化:
变疑问,有be把be提到主语前;无be在主语前加do/does,谓动变为原形。
变否定,有be在be后加“not”;无be在主语后加don’t/doesn’t,谓动变为原形。
Ⅱ、 一般过去时
1、 概念:
1)表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
常用时间状语:yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
2、结构:表状态 S+ was/were+ P
表动作 S+V过去式+O (注:句中有实义动词不用be)
3、句式变化:
变疑问,有be把be提到主语前;无be在主语前加did,谓动变为原形。
变否定,有be在be后直接加“not”;无be在主语后加didn’t,谓动变为原形.
Ⅲ、 现在进行时:
1. 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days,以及有look, listen时。
例:Listen!The birds are singing.
2、结构:S + am/is/are + doing
助动 现在分词
3、句式变化:
变疑问,把am/is/are提到主语前; 变否定,在am/is/are后直接加“not”。
Ⅳ、 过去进行时:
1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time,at 8:00 yesterday,或有when / while引导的时间状语从句等。
例:We were having an English class at 9:30 yesterday morning.
I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV.
2、结构:S + was/were + doing
3、句式变化:
变疑问,把was/were提到主语前; 变否定,在was/were后直接加“not”。
Ⅴ、一般将来时
1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, this year, at the end of this term, from now,in ten minutes, in 2025
例:They will do an experiment tomorrow afternoon.
Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term.
2、 结构:S +will+ V原+其他
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是人称时will可用shall)
例:Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you/(Are you going to)be at home at seven this evening?
3、 句式变化:
变疑问,把will提到主语前; 变否定,在will后直接加“not”。
例; She will drive to Beijing next week.
→ Will she drive to Beijing next week? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.
→She won’t drive to Beijing next week.
★ be going to + V原
表示a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例:What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例:The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
★ be +不定式:表示将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六将讨论这份报告。
★ be about to + V原:意为马上要做某事。
例:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确的将来时间状语连用。
★ 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
★ 用现在进行时表示将来
come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等终止性动词可用现在进行时表示将来。
例:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
Ⅵ、过去将来时
1.概念:表示站在过去看将要发出的动作或者存在的状态。因时间的参照点是过去的某一时间,常用于宾语从句中,或根据上下文语境确定。
2.结构:S +would+ V原+其他
S +was/were going to + V原
例:He said that he would have an exam next Friday.
Jenny asked who was going to give them a report.
I knew that he wouldn’t move to Japan with his parents next year.
Ⅶ、 现在完成时:
1.表示:①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间词:ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately(最近), in the past few years
2.②或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间词:for + 时间段,since +过去时间点/从句。(提问用How long)
例:The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
He has learned French for two years.
2.结构:S + have/has + done
助动 过去分词
3. 句式变化:
变疑问,把have/has提到主语前; 变否定,在have/has后直接加“not”。
例:① I've already written an article.
→ Have you written an article yet? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
→I haven’t written an article yet.
② Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.
→ Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
→Li Ming hasn’t lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.
★ 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某具体时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成影响,强调的是结果。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
Ⅷ、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此之前发生的动作或行为;或过去某个时间前一个持续发生的动作,即“过去的过去”。 句中必须有过去的某一时间做参照点,常用于在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中;before, after, by the time, until , when, once, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中;或根据上下文语境确定。
过去以前 过去 现在
例:She said (that)she had never been to Paris.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
2.结构:S + had + done
3.句式变化:
变疑问,把had提到主语前; 变否定,在had后直接加“not”。
例:He had finished his homework before he went to play outside.
→Had he finished his homework before he went to play outside. Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
→He hadn’t finished his homework before he went to play outside.
注意:1. had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
2.had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
更多剑桥青少相关问题点击在线咨询,即有机会获取系统随机抽取幸运大奖,《2011-2012雅思真题集》、《托福核心词汇》等好礼等你来拿!