在规定的时间内完成托福阅读所有篇数,对很多考生来说有难度。托福考生还必须具备句子结构分析能力来阅读理解速度和准确度,这一点也是在托福阅读备考过程中必须要兼顾到的。
许多考生难以理解托福阅读文章,原因有两点:
(一)、没有掌握一些熟词的生僻含义。
(二)、缺乏分析长难句结构的能力。
举例说明:
There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst piles of assorted junk that litter the floor.
该句是由两个that引导的从句,分别充当hope的同位语从句和piles of assorted junk的定语从句。个由that引起的同位语从句,是由一段地点状语“in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms”来展开全句的,其主句的语态是一个由a real rarity做主语的被动语态。全句可以翻译如下:人们还常常幻想在发霉、阴暗、无序的迷宫般店堂里,从杂乱地堆放在地面上的、各式各样的垃圾中淘到一件稀世珍品。
我们再来看一下这个句子,它是这样写的:
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
句子开头为Though引起的状语,动词pursue的宾语是一个由what引起的名词性从句,在插入了一个非常书面的in that(意思相当于since)引起的从句之后,终于出现了主句she was extremely difficult to please。这种一步步将句子意思推向高潮的写法就是英文中非常有气势的“圆周句”,直到句子的末尾,作者最终的意思才被揭晓。全句可以这样理解:“(尽管)姑妈对待佣人们的做法在当时那个年代算是开明的,(因为她)从不让佣人们每天干活超过8个小时,但佣人们还是很难让她感到满意。”
托福阅读文章中曾出现过一个典型的长句。其难度更胜GRE:In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
句子的主干为people tend to have a different approach from that,其中that为代词,指代approach,此处译为“方式”最为贴切,因此主干的意思很简单:“人们倾向于采用一种方式,与其它方式不同。”
代词that后紧跟which引导的从句充当that,即the approach的定语。此外,句中还有两个省略了whom的定语从句,将之补全如下:
In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those (whom) they consider their equals from that which they assume with people (whom) they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
全句直译如下:在日常生活中,人们用一种方式对待他们认为与自己社会地位同等的人,而用另一种的方式去对待他们认为比自己社会地位高或低的人。
对于这种长句的准确分析,需要日积月累的语言知识及良好语感,大家在托福阅读备考过程中,千万不能忽视真题演练。
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