在托福写作中,我们可以看到经常会有考生在语法上出问题,导致最后的低分不高,下面,小编为大家整理了在托福写作中需要注意的语法问题,供大家参考。
“such as”和“like”
“such as”和“like”都是常用来完成举例的介词。它们之间是可以互相替换的,不管后面是一个例子还是多个例子。使用它们的时候,要在“such as”或“like”的前文写一个较大范围的概念(如cities),然后“such as”和“like”后面写这个较大概念范围下的具体例子(如“Beijing and New York”)。我们既可以写“cities like Beijing and New York”,也可以写“cities such as Beijing and New York”,而且后者还可以变成“such cities as Beijing and New York”的样子。
语法要点:你可以将“such as”和“like”进行替换,不用担心后面所举例子的数量。
“amounts of”和“numbers of”
一个同学在作文里写了“amounts of people have the opportunity to work at home nowadays”这样的句子。也有很多同学写过“a great amount of historical buildings”或“the amount of printed books”这样的表达。他们往往将“amounts of”或“an amount of”当成了“a lot of”或“lots of”的替代表达。
“a lot of”或“lots of”一般来说的确不太适合用在书面表达中,但是它们修饰的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,因此用不着多做考虑。然而,用“an amount of”或“amounts of”来修饰的名词,根据标准用法的要求,应该修饰物质名词(如water)或抽象名词(如pain),也就是不可数的名词。因此,用它们来修饰“people”、“buildings”这样的可数名词是不正确的。那么,什么量词用来修饰可数名词呢?“a number of”或“numbers of”,如:“a large number of cars”。
语法要点:“an amount of”或“amounts of”用在不可数名词前面,而“a number of”或“numbers of”用在可数名词前面。其区别基本相当于“many”和“much”的区别。
“people”和“persons”
如果本该写“people”的地方写成“persons”,会让英美国家的读者感到不舒服,如“Li Na’s story has inspired many persons”,就十分awkward,应该改成“Li Na’s story has inspired many people”。
传统语法有这样的说法:如说明特定人数时,用“persons”较合适,如“five persons”;如无特定人数,则“people”较好,如“many people”。不过,现在“people”前面加具体数字的做法已经被普遍接受了,如“five people”。倒是反过来“many persons”或“a large number of persons”看上去十分不合适。
语法要点:写作时不应用“persons”作为“people”的替换写法。“人们”写成“people”是最合适的。
不完整的句子
(1) If you find that writing is hard is because it is hard. One of the hardest things that people do. If you find that writing is hard is because it is hard—one of the hardest things that people do.
(2) Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world. A gossip that makes us prejudge people before we ever lay eyes on them. Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world, a gossip that makes us prejudge people before we ever lay eyes on them. Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world that makes us prejudge people before we ever lay eyes on them.
修饰词错位
(1) Romeo received word that Juliet was dead from another messenger. Romeo received word from another messenger that Juliet was dead.
(2) After leaving the stage, the audience’s applause called the musicians back for an encore. After the musicians left the stage, the audience’s applause called them back for an encore.
(3) Disruptive in the classroom, a teacher may become exasperated with hyperactive children. Disruptive in the classroom, hyperactive children may exasperate a teacher.
以上就是杭州新航道小编为大家整理的托福写作中需要注意的语法知识,小编祝每一位考生在考试中取得优异的成绩