托福听力经典加试文化背景介绍

  今天，杭州新航道小编为大家带来的是托福听力经典加试文化背景有关胶质细胞的介绍。虽说加试不一定影响成绩，但小伙伴们还是不可掉以轻心，在备考中应该对这方面的背景知识有所了解。

  胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中包括星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和无突胶质细胞；在周围神经系统中为施万细胞和卫星细胞。胶质细胞具有支持和引导神经元的迁移，参与神经系统的修复和再生，参与免疫应答，形成髓鞘以及血脑屏障，物质代谢和营养作用以及参与神经细胞外的钾离子浓度的维持等作用。
  星形胶质细胞还具有营养作用，协助神经元的代谢。星形胶质细胞通过血管周足和突起连接毛细血管与神经元，对神经元起到运输营养物质和排除代谢产生的作用。
  Glial cells,sometimes called neuroglia or simply glia,are non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis,form myelin,and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain,and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system.
  As the Greek name implies,glia are commonly known as the glue of the nervous system;however,this is not fully accurate.Neuroscience currently identifies four main functions of glial cells:
  To surrond neurons and hold them in place;
  To supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons;
  To insulate one neuron from another;
  To destory pathogens and remove dead neurons.
  For over a century,it was belived that they did not play any role in beurotransmission.That idea is now discredited;they do modulate neurotransmission,although the mechanisms are not yet well understood.
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