一、类比考点：

教授为了让学生更好的理解文章的主要内容A, 有时候会拿学生比较熟悉的事物B来进行类比讲解。类比考点通常会出组织结构题，绝大多数时候题目会考到为什么提到B或偶尔题目会问到教授是怎么组织文章内容的，也就是考用了什么修辞手法。

通常信号词有：Think of A as B…，A is like/ sort of like B…; A is similar to B…; Imagine B…

例题：Why does the professor mention bears? (TPO 41 Lecture 1 Q3)

A.To remind students of information from a previous lecture

B.To point out a feature common to all desert plants

C.To reinforce a point about drought-tolerant plants

D.To help students understand the concept of adaptation

答案 C,定位句: Now besides succulent plants, there are also drought-tolerant plants. Drought-tolerant plants are like bears in a way. You know how bears mostly sleep through the winter? They can survive without eating, because their metabolism slows down. Well, Drought- tolerant plants also go into a dormant state, when resource, in that case, water runs short. 这里Drought-tolerant plants are like bears in a way句子,提示教授开始用bears来类比,帮助学生理解抗干旱植物的休眠过程的。考察提bears的作用。

例题：How does the woman summarize the professor’s main point in the talk? （TPO17 lecture 1  Q5）

A. By drawing a parallel with a process common to the legal field.

B. By repeating a comment the professor made at the beginning of class.

C. By referring to a study that supports the professor’s theory.

D. By comparing the professor’s remarks with statements in the textbook.

答案：A可以定位到文章的最后一部分

 S: What you are saying is, I mean, I get the feeling that this is like a legal process, like building a legal case, the more pieces of evidence we have, the closer we get to the truth.  

 P: Great analogy.  And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture, the lady with the hood.

二、对比考点：

听力中出现对比，一般会考察细节，所以需要记笔记。

常见信号词有：by contrast, than, unlike, instead (of), rather than, as opposed to， more than, better than, differ，compare to, in contrast to, unlike

笔记方法：简单的A比B好，A 比B多等比较信息，我们可以用“＞”“＜”表示。而当比较方面较多时，需要两个比较对象以名词缩写的形式并列排开，然后将具体比较内容竖着记在两个比较对象下面，方便做题参考。

What were two characteristics of Isadora Duncan's dance performances? Click on 2 answers （TPO 24 L4 Q3）

A. She danced to contemporary musical compositions

B. She wore free-flowing costumes

C. She used set designs inspired by nature.   

D. She danced without shoes.

答案：BD本题为细节题，考察Isadora Duncan舞蹈表演的特点，从“Duncan also wore her hair down, ballerinas typically wear their hair in a tight bun behind the head. And instead of the short steep skirts and rigid toe shoes worn by ballerinas, Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she danced bare feet.”可知，Duncan不像传统芭蕾舞蹈演员一样把头发扎在脑后，她把头发自然地披散着，她不穿芭蕾舞蹈演员穿的训练服，而穿比较宽松的衣服，她不穿芭蕾舞鞋，光脚跳舞，故选BD

What is one ability that drought-tolerant plants have that succulent plants do not have? ((TPO 41 Lecture 1 Q4)

A.The ability to absorb water from dry soil

B.The ability to absorb water through their leaves

C.The ability to prevent moisture from being lost through their leaves

D.The ability to shed leaves

答案A: 文中提到Drought-tolerant plants can even absorb water from relatively dry soil because their deep roots, in contrast to succulent plants. 可知两种植物的对比点在于能不能够从干土中吸水的能力。