SAT写作素材大放送

  提高SAT的写作水平，就离不开平时的素材积累。今天，杭州新航道小编为大家送上SAT写作素材的汇总，希望对提高大家的写作水平有帮助。

Coco Chanelwas a French fashion designer and founder of the Chanel brand. She was the only fashion designer to appear on Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Along with Paul Poiret, Chanel was credited with liberating women from the constraints of the "corseted silhouette" and popularizing the acceptance of a sportive, casual chic 
as the feminine standard in the postWorld War I era.  A prolific fashion creator, Chanel's influence extended beyond couture clothing. Her design aesthetic was realized in jewelry, handbags, and fragrance. Her signature scent, Chanel No.5, has become an iconic product.
Chanel was known for her lifelong determination, ambition and energy which she applied to her professional and social life. She achieved both success 
as a businesswoman and social prominence thanks to the connections she made
through her work. These included many artists and craftspeople to whom she became a patron. However, Chanel's highly competitive, opportunistic personality led her to make questionable life choices which have generated 
controversy around her reputation, particularly her behaviour during the German occupation of France in World War II.
1. CoCo香奈儿  
世界上可以有无数个夫人，Coco香奈儿却只有一个。Coco香奈儿对时装美学的独特见解和难得一见的才华，使她结交了不少诗人、画家和知识分子。她的朋友中就有抽象画派大师毕加索 (Picasso)、法国诗人导演高克多 (Jean Cocteau) 等等。一时风流儒雅，正是法国时装和艺术发展的黄金时期。 人生经历：1883年出生于法国的Auvergne。她六岁时母亲离世，父亲更丢下她和4个兄弟姐妹。自此，她由她的姨妈抚养成人，儿时入读修女院学校 (Convent School)，并在那儿学得一手针线技巧。在她二十二岁那年，即1905年，她当上“咖啡厅歌手”(Cafe singer)，并起了艺名 “Coco”，在不同的歌厅和咖啡厅卖唱维生。在这段歌女生涯中，Coco先后结交了两名老主顾，成为他们的情人知己，一名是英国工业家，另一名是富有的军官。
Chanel No 5香水恒久流行：除了时装，Chanel也在1921年推出Chanel No 5香水，女星妮可·基德曼 (Nicole Kidman)作代言人的No 5香水瓶子是一个甚具装饰艺术 (Art Deco) 味道的玻璃瓶。此乃史上瓶以设计师命名的香水。1960年代,美国影星玛丽莲梦露在回答一位记者的“晚上穿什么睡衣入睡?”的问题时说到：“A few drops of Chanel NO.5(擦几滴香奈尔5号而已)。”，采访一经播出，Chanel No 5香水更加名声大振。配合独创的“双C”标志使这瓶香水成为Chanel历史上钱的产品，且在恒远的时光长廊上历久不衰，至今在 Chanel的官方网站依然是重点推介产品.
Faraday,Michael 1791--1867
Physicist and chemist. Born September 22, 1791, in Newington, Surrey. The family soon moved to London, where young Michael, one of 10 children, picked up the rudiments of reading, writing, and arithmetic. At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a bookbinder and bookseller. He read ravenously and attended public lectures, including some by Sir Humphry Davy. Faraday's career began when Davy, temporarily blinded in a laboratory accident, appointed Faraday as his assistant at the Royal Institution. With Davy as a teacher in analytical chemistry, Faraday advanced in his scientific apprenticeship and began independent chemical studies. By 1825, he discovered benzene and had become the first to describe compounds of chlorine and carbon. He adopted the atomic theory to explain that chemical qualities were the result of attraction and repulsion between united atoms. This proved to be the theoretical
foundation for much of his future work.
Faraday had already done some work in magnetism and electricity, and it was in this field that he made his most outstanding contributions. His first triumph came when he found a solution to the problem of producing  continuous rotation by use of electric current, thus making electric motors possible. Hans Oersted had discovered the magnetic effect of a current, but Faraday grasped the fact that a conductor at rest and a steady magnetic field do not interact and that to get an induced current either the conductor or the field has to move. On August 29, 1831, Faraday discovered  electromagnetic induction.
During the next 10 years, Faraday explored and expanded the field of electricity. In 1834, he announced his famous two laws of electrolysis. Briefly, they state that for any given amount of electrical force in an electrochemical cell, chemical substances are released at the electrodes in the ratio of their chemical equivalents. He also invented the voltammeter, a device for measuring electrical charges, which was the first step toward the later standardization of electrical quantities. Faraday continued to work in his laboratory, but his health began to deteriorate and he had to stop work entirely in 1841. Almost miraculously, however, his health later improved and he resumed work in 1844. He began a search for an interaction between magnetism and light and in 1845 turned his attention from electrostatics to electromagnetism. He discovered that an intense magnetic field could rotate the plane of polarized light, a phenomenon known today as the Faraday effect. In conjunction with these experiments, he showed that all matter conducts the magnetic line of force. Objects that were good conductors he called paramagnetics, while those that conducted the force poorly he named diamagnetics. Thus, the energy of a magnet is in the space around it, not in the magnet itself. This is the fundamental idea of the field theory.
Faraday was a brilliant lecturer, and through his public lectures he did a great deal to popularize science. Shortly after he became head of the Royal Institution in 1825, he inaugurated the custom of giving a series of lectures for young people during the Christmas season. This tradition has been maintained, and over the years the series have frequently been the basis for fascinating, simply written, and informative books. Faraday died in London on August 25, 1867. The admiration of physicists for Faraday has been demonstrated by naming the unit of capacitance the farad and a unit of charge, the faraday. No other man has been doubly honored in this way. His name also appears frequently in connection with effects, laws, and apparatus. These honors are proper tribute to the man who was possibly the greatest experimentalist who ever lived.
2.法拉第，迈克尔
法拉第(1791 -- 1867)是英国物理学家、化学家，也是的自学成才的科学家。1791年9月22日萨里郡纽因顿一个贫苦铁匠家庭。因家庭贫困仅上过几年小学，13岁时便在一家书店里当学徒。书店的工作使他有机会读到许多科学书籍。在送报、装订等工作之余，自学化学和电学，并动手做简单的实验，验证书上的内容。利用业余时间参加市哲学学会的学习活动，听自然哲学讲演，因而受到了自然科学的基础教育。由于他爱好科学研究，专心致志，受到英国化学家戴维的赏识，1813年3月由戴维举荐到皇家研究所任实验室助手。这是法拉生的转折点，从此他踏上了献身科学研究的道路。同年10月戴维到欧洲大陆作科学考察，讲学，法拉第作为他的秘书、助手随同前往。历时一年半，先后经过法国、瑞士、意大利、德国、比利时、荷兰等国，结识了安培、盖.吕萨克等学者。沿途法拉第协助戴维做了许多化学实验，这大大丰富了他的科学知识，增长了实验才干，为他后来开展独立的科学研究奠定了基础。 法拉第主要从事电学、磁学、磁光学、电化学方面的研究，他关于磁生电的跨时代的伟大发现，使人类掌握了电磁运动相互转变以及机械能和电能相互转变的方法，成为现代发电机、电动机、变压器技术的基础。
法拉第能够这样坚持10年矢志不渝地探索电磁感应现象，重要原因之一是同他关于各种自然力的统一和转化的思想密切相关的，他始终坚信自然界各种不同现象之间有着无限多的联系。也是在这一思想的指导下，他继续研究当时已知的伏打电池的电、摩擦电、温差电、伽伐尼电、电磁感应电等各种电的同一性，1832年他发表了〈不同来源的电的同一性〉论文，用大量实验论证了“不管电的来源如何，它的本性都相同”的结论，从而扫除了人们在电的本性问题认识上的种种迷雾.
Bell, Alexander Graham 1847 – 1922 (贝尔)
Inventor and educator. Born March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. Bell is best known for perfecting the telephone to transmit vocal messages by electricity. The telephone inaugurated a new age in communication technology.
Bell’s father, Alexander Melville Bell, was an expert in vocal physiology and elocution; his grandfather, Alexander Bell, was an elocution professor. After studying at the University of Edinburgh and University College, London, Bell became his father's assistant. He taught the deaf to talk by adopting his father's system of visible speech (illustrations of speaking positions of the lips and tongue). In London he studied Hermann Ludwig von Helmholtz's experiments with tuning forks and magnets to produce complex sounds. In 1865, Bell made scientific studies of the resonance of the mouth while speaking.
In 1870, the Bells moved to Brantford, Ontario, Canada, to preserve Alexander's health. He went to Boston in 1871 to teach at Sarah Fuller's School for the Deaf, the first such school in the world. He also tutored private students, including Helen Keller. As professor of vocal physiology and speech at Boston University in 1873, he initiated conventions for teachers of the deaf. Throughout his life he continued to educate the deaf, and he founded the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf.
From 1873 to 1876, Bell experimented with a phonautograph, a multiple telegraph, and an electric speaking telegraph (the telephone). Funds came from the fathers of two of his pupils; one of these men, Gardiner Hubbard, had a deaf daughter, Mabel, who later became Bell's wife.
3.贝尔(1847～1942 )
“我知道命运掌握在我自己的手中，我知道巨大的成功马上就要到来。”贝尔曾自信地向世界这样宣告。 1847年3月3日出生于苏格兰的爱丁堡。他的父亲是一位嗓音生理学家,并且是矫正说话、教授聋人的专家。 1862年贝尔进入的爱丁堡大学，选择语音学作为自己的，贝尔通过总结父辈们的经验进步很快。 1869年22岁的贝尔受聘为美国波士顿大学语言学教授，担任声学讲座的主讲。在莫尔斯电报发明后的20多年中无数科学家试图直接用电流传递语音，贝尔也把发明电话作为自己义不容辞的责任。但由于电话是传递连续的信号而不是电报那样不连续的通断信号，在当时的难度好比登天。他在实验中发现了一个有趣现象：每次电流通断时线圈发出类似于莫尔斯电码的“滴答”声，这引起贝尔大胆的设想：如果能用电流强度模拟出声音的变化不就可以用电流传递语音了吗?随后的两年内贝尔刻苦用功掌握了电学，再加上他扎实的语言学知识，使他如同插上了翅膀。他辞去了教授职务，一心扎入发明电话的试验中。在万事俱备只缺合作者时他偶然遇到了18岁的电气工程师沃特森。两年后，经过无数次失败后他们终于制成了两台粗糙的样机，但不幸的是试验失败了，两人的声音是通过公寓的天花板而不是通过机器互相传递的。 正在他们冥思苦想之时，窗外吉他的丁冬声提醒了他们：送话器和受话器的灵敏度太低了!他们连续两天两夜自制了音箱、改进了机器。然后开始实验，刚开始沃特森只从受话器里听到嘶嘶的电流声，终于他听到了贝尔清晰的声音“沃特森先生，快来呀!我需要你?1875 年6月2日傍晚，当时贝尔28岁，沃特森21岁。他们趁热打铁，几经半年的改进，终于制成了世界上台实用的电话机。
Yuan Longping(1930-)
"I saw rice plants as tall as Chinese sorghum,” said Yuan Longping of a dream he once had, “each ear of rice as big as a broom and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. I could hide in the shadow of the rice crops with a friend." Born into a poor farmer's family in 1931 and a graduate from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953, Yuan began his teaching career at an agriculture school in Anjiang, Hunan Province.
He came up with an idea for hybridizing rice in the 1960s, when a series of natural disasters and inappropriate policies had plunged China into an unprecedented famine that caused many deaths. Since then, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice breed. In 1964, he happened to find a natural hybrid rice plant that had obvious advantages over others. Greatly encouraged, he began to study the elements of this particular type. In 1973, in cooperation with others, he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages. It yielded 20 percent more per unit than that of common ones.
The next year their research made a breakthrough in seeding. They successfully developed a set of technologies for producing indica (long-grained non-glutinous) rice, putting China in the lead worldwide in rice production. For this achievement, he was dubbed the "Father of Hybrid Rice." In 1979, their technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, the first case of intellectual property rights transfer in the history of new China.
4.袁隆平
袁隆平(1930-)，农学家、杂交水稻育种专家。1953年西南农学院农学系毕业。历任研究员、湖南杂交水稻研究中心主任、湖南农科院名誉院长、国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心主任，1995年当选为中国工程院院士。 袁隆平长期从事杂交水稻育种理论研究和制种技术实践。1964年首先提出培育“不育系、保持系、恢复系”三系法利用水稻杂种优势的设想并进行科学实验。1970年，与其助手李必湖和冯克珊在海南发现一株花粉败育的雄性不育野生稻，成为突破“三系”配套的关键。 1972年育成中国个大面积应用的水稻雄性不育系“二九南一号A”和相应的保持系“二九南一号B”，次年育成了个大面积推广的强优组合“南优二号”，并研究出整套制种技术。1986年提出杂交水稻育种分为“三系法品种间杂种优势利用、两系法亚种间杂种优势利用到一系法远缘杂种优势利用”的战略设想。被同行们誉为“杂交水稻之父”.
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